ABSTRACT
ABSTRACT Lung cancer is one of the most incident types of cancer and a leading cause of cancer mortality in Brazil. We reviewed the current status of lung cancer by searching relevant data on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment in the country. This review highlights several issues that need to be addressed, including smoking control, patient lack of awareness, late diagnosis, and disparities in the access to cancer health care facilities in Brazil. We propose strategies to help overcome these limitations and challenge health care providers, as well as the society and governmental representatives, to work together and to take a step forward in fighting lung cancer.
RESUMO O câncer de pulmão é um dos tipos de câncer com maior incidência e uma das principais causas de mortalidade por câncer no Brasil. Revisamos a situação atual do câncer de pulmão por meio de pesquisa de dados relevantes a respeito de prevenção, diagnóstico e tratamento no país. Esta revisão mostra várias questões que precisam de atenção, tais como controle do tabagismo, educação dos pacientes, desconhecimento por parte dos pacientes, diagnóstico tardio e desigualdade de acesso ao tratamento de câncer no Brasil. Propomos estratégias para ajudar a superar essas limitações e desafiamos os profissionais de saúde, a sociedade e os representantes do governo a trabalhar em conjunto e dar um passo à frente na luta contra o câncer de pulmão.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Lung Neoplasms/diagnosis , Lung Neoplasms/therapy , Time Factors , Brazil/epidemiology , Risk Factors , Sex Distribution , Health Services Accessibility , Lung Neoplasms/epidemiologyABSTRACT
PURPOSE:To study the anti-inflammatory actions of electroacupuncture (EAc) on an experimental colitis model in mice.METHODS:Thirty-eight male Swiss mice, divided in five groups, were subjected to induction of colitis by TNBS in 50% ethanol. Saline (SAL) and ethanol (ETNL) groups served as controls. TNBS+EAc and TNBS+ dexamethasone subgroups were treated with EAc 100Hz and dexamethasone (DEXA) 1 mg/Kg/day, respectively. After three days, a colon segment was obtained for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, immunohistochemistry for iNOS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10).RESULTS:Neutrophilic activity, assayed as MPO activity, was significantly higher in the TNBS colitis group than that in the saline control group. TNBS+EAc group showed suppression of IL-10 in the colon. EAc treatment significantly reduced the concentration of MDA and the expression of iNOS, as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture 100Hz applied to acupoint ST-36 promotes an anti-inflammatory action on the TNBS-induced colitis, mediated by increase of IL-10 and decrease of iNOS expression.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Colitis/chemically induced , Electroacupuncture/veterinary , Trinitrobenzenes , Nitric Oxide SynthaseABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To study the anti-inflammatory actions of electroacupuncture (EAc) on an experimental colitis model in mice. METHODS: Thirty-eight male Swiss mice, divided in five groups, were subjected to induction of colitis by TNBS in 50% ethanol. Saline (SAL) and ethanol (ETNL) groups served as controls. TNBS+EAc and TNBS+ dexamethasone subgroups were treated with EAc 100Hz and dexamethasone (DEXA) 1 mg/Kg/day, respectively. After three days, a colon segment was obtained for quantification of myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity, immunohistochemistry for iNOS, malondialdehyde (MDA) and cytokines (IL-1β and IL-10). RESULTS: Neutrophilic activity, assayed as MPO activity, was significantly higher in the TNBS colitis group than that in the saline control group. TNBS+EAc group showed suppression of IL-10 in the colon. EAc treatment significantly reduced the concentration of MDA and the expression of iNOS, as compared to the other groups. CONCLUSION: Electroacupuncture 100Hz applied to acupoint ST-36 promotes an anti-inflammatory action on the TNBS-induced colitis, mediated by increase of IL-10 and decrease of iNOS expression. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Mice , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/therapeutic use , Colitis/therapy , Electroacupuncture/methods , /metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/metabolism , Peroxidase/metabolism , Acupuncture Points , Colitis/chemically induced , Colon/metabolism , Disease Models, Animal , Immunohistochemistry , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/drug therapy , Inflammatory Bowel Diseases/therapy , Interleukin-1beta/metabolism , Malondialdehyde/metabolism , Nitric Oxide Synthase Type II/antagonists & inhibitors , Random Allocation , Trinitrobenzenesulfonic AcidABSTRACT
PURPOSE: To investigate E-cadherin immunoexpression during cervical carcinogenesis. METHODS: We assessed the immunohistochemical expression of E-cadherin in squamous intraepithelial lesions (SIL - 52 cases), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the uterine cervix (23 cases) and also in eight cases of cervicitis. RESULTS: The results show very different E-cadherin membrane expression levels when cervicitis (88%), SILs (73%) and SCC (17%) were compared. In SILs, higher E-cadherin loss was seen in less differentiated cells in the basal third of the epithelium. This study suggests that the absence of E-cadherin expression in the membrane is a molecular event that is observed more often in SCC of the uterine cervix than in SILs or cervicitis. CONCLUSIONS: E-cadherin is an essential molecule during the process of cervical carcinogenesis and in this context exhibits a different expression pattern according to the epithelial thickness layer. .
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Animals , Female , Humans , Middle Aged , Young Adult , Cadherins/analysis , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix/pathology , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/pathology , Uterine Cervicitis/pathology , Biopsy , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cadherins/metabolism , Carcinogenesis/metabolism , Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism , Immunohistochemistry , Reference Values , Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions of the Cervix/metabolism , Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis , Uterine Cervical Neoplasms/metabolism , Uterine Cervicitis/metabolismABSTRACT
Objective: Despite the recognized anti-inflammatory potential of heterocyclic antidepressants, the mechanisms concerning their modulating effects are not completely known. Thus, we evaluated the anti-inflammatory effect of amitriptyline, clomipramine, and maprotiline and the possible modulating properties of these drugs on neutrophil migration and mast cell degranulation. Methods: The hind paw edema and air-pouch models of inflammation were used. Male Wistar rats were treated with saline, amitriptyline, clomipramine or maprotiline (10, 30, or 90 mg/kg, per os [p.o.]) 1 h before the injection of carrageenan (300 μg/0.1 mL/paw) or dextran (500 μg/0.1 mL/paw). Then, edema formation was measured hourly. Neutrophil migration to carrageenan (500 μg/pouch) and N-formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (fMLP) (10-6 M/mL/pouch) was also investigated in 6-day-old air-pouch cavities. Compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation was assessed in the mesenteric tissues of antidepressant-treated rats. Results: All tested antidepressants prevented both carrageenan- and dextran-induced edema. The anti-inflammatory effect of these drugs partially depends on the modulation of neutrophil migration, since they significantly counteracted the chemotactic response of both carrageenan and fMLP (p < 0.01). Furthermore, amitriptyline, clomipramine and maprotiline inhibited compound 48/80-induced mast cell degranulation (p < 0.001). Conclusions: These results suggest an important anti-inflammatory role of heterocyclic antidepressants, which is dependent on the modulation of neutrophil migration and mast cell stabilization. .
Subject(s)
Animals , Male , Rats , Amitriptyline/pharmacology , Anti-Inflammatory Agents/pharmacology , Cell Degranulation/drug effects , Clomipramine/pharmacology , Maprotiline/pharmacology , Mast Cells/drug effects , Neutrophil Infiltration/drug effects , Carrageenan/adverse effects , Cell Movement/drug effects , Disease Models, Animal , Edema/chemically induced , Mast Cells/physiology , Rats, WistarABSTRACT
Objetivos: 1) estabelecer a prevalencia de depressao maior e ansiedade generalizada em pacientes com cancer de mama no Instituto do Cancer do Estado do Ceara, Brasil; 2) relacionar as interacoes medicas (quimioterapicas e cirurgicas) com o desenvolvimento de depressao maior e ansiedade generalizada nessas pacientes. Amostras: 84 pacientes, com idade variando de 24 a 66 anos, com cancer de mama, atendidas no Instituto do Cancer do Ceara. Procedimento: foram entrevistadas usando os criterios do DSM-IV para diagnosticar...
Subject(s)
Humans , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Anxiety/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/psychology , Depression/epidemiology , Breast Neoplasms/drug therapy , Neoadjuvant Therapy/adverse effects , Mastectomy/adverse effectsABSTRACT
Os resultados foram consistentes com o modelo da funçäo logística, expresso por duas fases: os crescimentos rápidos e lento do fibro-histiocitoma maligno experimental